Obesity, Mood and Well-Being

Obesity, Mood and Well-Being In studies of the general population, early studies showed few consistent patterns withrespect to psychosocial distress and obesity, partly due to small samples and varyingassessment tools. The relationship between BMI, smoking status, and depressivesymptoms was studied in a large US national sample, using validated instruments.The investigators found that the relationship between obesity and depression variedby sex....

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Stigmatisation in Obesity

Stigmatisation in Obesity When considering psychological aspects of obesity, it is widely believed that mostpsychological disturbances are more likely to be consequences, rather than causes, ofobesity. One of the most compelling illustrations was reported in the early 1990s,based on 47 patients who were, on average, 66 kg overweight before surgery for morbidobesity, who lost 45 kg or more subsequently and who successfully maintainedweight loss for...

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Socioeconomic Status and Obesity

Socioeconomic Status and Obesity Is it relevant, when discussing individual determinants of obesity, to consider thecommon assumption that specific psychological and/or risk factor profiles arecausally related to obesity? The reverse question must also be asked: what is the evidencethat psychological and socioeconomic characteristics are not the consequences,but rather the causes, of the obese state?There has been a strong interest in studying...

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The Sociology of Obesity

The Sociology of Obesity The current obesity epidemic is largely driven by environmental factors, including nutritional transitiontowards refined and fatty foods with the growing production of energy-dense food at relatively low cost,increased access to motor vehicles, mechanisation of work and sedentary lifestyles. These influences inmodern society are modified by individual characteristics. Ultimately, energy intake in excess of caloricexpenditure...

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adiponectin obesity

adiponectin obesity Adiponectin was discovered independently by several laboratories, hence its variousnames: Acrp30 (adipocyte complement-related protein of 30kDa), apM1 (adiposemost abundant gene transcript 1), adipoQ and GBP28 (gelatin-binding protein of28kDa) . Adiponectin is composed of an N terminal sequence, hypervariabledomain, 15 collagenous repeats and a C terminal domain. A trimeric form ofadiponectin is secreted by adipocytes and gives...

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Leptin

Leptin The discovery of leptin more than a decade ago was a major turning point in our understandingof adipokines. Mice and humans homozygous for the leptin gene mutationdevelop hyperphagia, severe early-onset obesity, insulin resistance preceding obesity,excess lipid accumulation outside adipose tissue (steatosis), and neuroendocrine abnormalities,notably, hypothalamic hypogonadism and tertiary hypothyroidism.Moreover, there is evidence for immunosuppression...

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Adipokines in Obesity

Adipokines in Obesity Adipose tissue is the source of soluble mediators (adipokines), secreted mainly by adipocytes. Leptin actson the brain and peripheral organs to regulate energy homeostasis and the neuroendocrine axis.Adiponectin regulates glucose and lipid metabolism by targeting the liver and skeletal muscle. Adiposederivedproinflammatory cytokines, vasoactive peptides, coagulation and complement factors, visfatin,vaspin and retinol-binding...

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